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cosmic pluralism
Cosmic pluralism, the plurality of worlds, or simply pluralism, describes the philosophical belief in numerous "worlds" in addition to Earth (possibly an infinite number), which may harbour extraterrestrial life.
The debate over pluralism began as early as the time of Anaximander (c. 610 – c. 546 BC) as an abstract metaphysical argument,〔Simplicius, ''Commentary on Aristotle's Physics'', 1121, 5–9〕 long predating the scientific Copernican conception that the Earth is one of numerous planets. It has continued, in a variety of forms, until the modern era.
==Ancient Greek debates==
In Greek times, the debate was largely philosophical and did not conform to present notions of cosmology. Cosmic pluralism was a corollary to notions of infinity and the purported multitude of life-bearing worlds were more akin to parallel universes (either contemporaneously in space or infinitely recurring in time) than to different solar systems. After Anaximander opened the door to an infinite universe, a strong pluralist stance was adopted by the atomists, notably Leucippus, Democritus, and Epicurus. While these were prominent thinkers, their opponents—Plato and Aristotle—had greater effect. They argued that the Earth is unique and that there can be no other systems of worlds.〔
〕〔(David Darling article )〕 This stance neatly dovetailed with later Christian ideas and pluralism was effectively suppressed for approximately a millennium.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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